Farhād_before_Khusraw
This_is_an_illustration_by_Sānvlah.
Invention_of_the_mirror_in_the_presence_of_Alexander_the_Great
This_is_an_illustration_by_Nānhā
Invention_of_the_mirror_in_the_presence_of_Alexander_the_Great
This_is_an_illustration_by_Shīvdās.
The_death_of_Darius
This_illustration_is_by_Dharm_Dās.
Alexander_the_Great_enthroned_at_Persepolis
This_illustration_is_by_Bīm_Gujarātī.
***
This is an illuminated and illustrated Safavid copy of four of the five poems that comprise the Khamsah (quintet) of Niẓāmī Ganjavī (d. 605 AH / 1209 CE). It does not include Laylá va Majnūn. The text was copied in black nastaʿlīq script by Yādkār the Calligrapher (al-Kātib) in 935 AH / 1529 CE. An illuminated double-page frontispiece opens the codex and each poem is introduced with an illuminated headpiece. The twenty-seven illustrations appear to have been repainted in India during the twelfth or early thirteenth century AH / eighteenth or early nineteenth CE. The manuscript is bound in late Zand lacquer boards with figural scenes depicting Bahrām Gūr hunting and Khusraw watching Shīrīn bathing. The upper board illustrating Bahrām Gūr is dated 1205 AH / 1790-1 CE.
Nūshirvān and his prime minster Dastūr
Riding through a ruined village, the Sasanian Nūshirvān
and his prime minster Dastūr see two owls talking.
An old woman implores Sultan Sanjar for help
An old woman approaches the throne of Sultan Sanjar to recount her oppression.
An old man brought before a tyrant
An old woman speaking with a confidant of King Jamshīd
At a court gathering, an old woman speaks with a confidant of King Jamshīd
Makhzan-i asrār
the Khamsah, Makhzan-i asrār
This incipit page has an illuminated headpiece;
it begins the second poem of the Khamsah, Khusraw va Shīrīn.
the first poem of the Khamsah, Makhzan-i asrār.
Abū Jaʿfar Muhammad Atābak enthroned
Shāhpūr visiting Shīrīn
Shāhpūr is shown before the Armenian princess Shīrīn at a court gathering
Ascension of Khusraw to the throne
Khusraw va Shīrīn
Khusraw and Shīrīn enthroned
Farhād carves an image of Shīrīn in rock
Khusraw announces his marriage to Shakar
Khusraw and Shīrīn in the palace
Reconciliation of Khusraw and Shīrīn
Shīrūyah stabs Khusraw, his father
This incipit page has an illuminated headpiece;
it begins the fourth poem of the Khamsah, Haft paykar
Bahrām Gūr seizes the crown after having killed two lions
Bahrām Gūr kills a wild ass
Bahrām Gūr in the black pavilion
Bahrām Gūr in the yellow pavilion
Bahrām Gūr in the blue pavilion
Bahrām Gūr in the sandalwood pavilion
Bahrām Gūr in the white pavilion
This incipit page has an illuminated headpiece;
it begins the Sharafnāmah, the first part of the fifth
poem of the Khamsah, the Iskandarnāmah.
Alexander the Great fighting the Ethiopians
Victory of Alexander the Great over the Ethiopians
Death of King Darius
Alexander the Great admires his portrait ordered by Queen Nūshābah
Alexander the Great at the fountain of life with the prophets Khidr and Ilyās
Alexander the Great (Iskandar) searches for the fountain of life and passes by a cave,
before which sit the prophets Khiḍr and Ilyās
This incipit page has an illuminated headpiece;
it begins the Iqbālnāmah, the second part of the
fifth poem of the Khamsah, the Iskandarnāmah
Aristotle teaching his students
***
This (Below Pages) illuminated and illustrated copy of the Khamsah (quintet) of Niẓāmī Ganjavī الياس بن يوسف نظامي گنجوي (d. 605 AH / 1209 CE) was written by Yār Muhammad al-Haravī يار محمد الهروي in 922 AH / 1516 CE. Written in four columns in black nastaʿlīq script, this manuscript opens with a double-page illuminated frontispiece signed by ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAbd al-Fattāh ibn ʿAlī عبد الوهاب بن عبد الفتاح بن علي. It contains thirty-five illustrations that were repainted in India during the twelfth century AH / eighteenth CE. The seal of Muhammad Asharf ibn Muhammad Khātam al-Husaynī, dated 1173 AH / 1759-60 CE appears on some pages.
This page begins the first poem.
One gives the name of the illuminator as
ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ ibn ʿAlī.
An old woman petitions Sultan Sanjar about the questionable behavior of his policeman.
The face of Sultan Sanjar was very clearly re-painted in India
Two physicians are depicted quarreling in the presence of the king.
The inscription over the doorway on the left reads: al-sulṭān al-ʿādil.
This incipit page has an illuminated titlepiece introducing the second poem of the Khamsah,
Khusraw va Shīrīn, which is written in white on a blue ground
Shīrīn is depicted in the company of her maidens admiring the portrait of Khusraw
Shīrīn bathes in a fountain as Khusraw, drawn by her beauty, watches
Khusraw fends off an attacking lion
Shīrin, on horseback, watches Farhād digging a canal for a stream of milk.
Khusraw comes on horseback to visit Shīrīn, the Armenian princess.
This image of Khusraw and Shīrīn in their wedding chamber has been
erased at some point in the manuscript's history.
The inscription on the right reads: al-sulṭān al-ʿādil.
Shīrūyah stabbing his father, Khusraw
This incipit page has a titlepiece introducing the third poem of the Khamsah,
Laylá va Majnūn, which is written in white on a blue ground.
Laylá and Majnūn are portrayed as small children at school, when they first met
Majnūn and his father, who is on the right, are depicted in front of the Kaʿbah in Mecca
Nawfal, a dedicated friend of Majnūn’s, fights with Laylá’s tribe.
A shackled Majnūn is lead by an old woman in front of the encampment of Laylá’s tribe.
In the wilderness, Majnūn is comforted by wild animals.
Laylá and Majnūn meeting in the palm grove
Laylá and Majnūn fainting at the sight of each other
This incipit page has a titlepiece introducing the fourth poem
of the Khamsah, Haft paykar, which is written in white on a blue ground.
Bahrām Gūr killing a lion and a wild ass
Bahrām Gūr killing two lions
Fitnah is shown carrying the ox upstairs to Bahrām Gūr.
The inscription over the gate to the garden reads: Allāhu wa-lā siwāhu.
Bahrām Gūr visits the princess in the black pavilion.
The inscription on top reads: yā mufattiḥ al-abwāb yā musabbib al-asbāb.
Bahrām Gūr visits the princess in the yellow pavilion.
The inscriptions read: al-sulṭān al-aʿẓam al-khāqān al-aʿdal.
Bahrām Gūr visits the princess in the green pavilion.
Bahrām Gūr visits the princess in the red pavilion.
Bahrām Gūr visits the princess in the blue pavilion.
Bahrām Gūr visits the princess in the sandalwood pavilion.
Bahrām Gūr visits the princess in the white pavilion.
Bahrām Gūr meeting a shepherd who hung his dog on a tree
This incipit page has a titlepiece introducing the fifth poem of the Khamsah,
Iskandarnāmah, which is written in white on a blue ground.
Alexandar the Great fighting the Ethiopians
The death of King Darius
Alexander the Great admiring his portrait ordered by Nūshābah
The figure of Alexander the Great (Iskandar),
who is depicted hunting deer, is smudged.
Alexander the Great fighting the Russian warriors
This incipit page has a titlepiece introducing the Iqbālnāmah,
the second part of the fifth poem of the Khamsah, Iskandarnāmah,
which is written in white on a blue ground
An Ethiopian warrior killing another Ethiopian
Alexander the Great and the seven philosophers, including Aristotle, Socrates, and Plato
Alexander the Great watching the sirens bathing
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